Looking Back: June 15 - Anniversary of Magna Carta

Magna Carta, 1297 from the U.S. National Archives Featured Documents Exhibit. Click for more information.

June 15 is the anniversary of the most iconic document in modern democracy - Magna Carta. The document originally served as a peace treaty between King John of England and rebellious barons who threatened civil war. When he attached his seal to the parchment, King John was likely unaware of the significance the document would attain in subsequent centuries as constitutional democracies replaced monarchies throughout the Western World.

The Founding Fathers' Magna Carta

By the time of the American Revolution, the reputation of Magna Carta as the physical embodiment of revolutionary ideas, including limiting government influence in personal affairs, was well established. America's founding fathers turned to the ancient document for inspiration and for justification as they encouraged fellow revolutionaries to form their own government.

Throughout the month of June, you can learn more about Magna Carta's influence on modern American and Texas Law at the Harris County Law Library with exhibits that highlight the link between the iconic document and our modern constitutional rights. You even have the chance to read The Great Charter like a founding father when you visit our downtown Houston location to see the Law Library's 1763 copy of Magna Carta - the same edition owned by founding father John Adams during the American Revolution. For more learning opportunities, visit our digital exhibit - Magna Carta.

Magna Carta to Miranda - The Due Process link between Law Day themes

Don't you just love it when Law Day themes click?! Each year, the American Bar Association establishes a theme for Law Day, which is observed on May 1. This year's theme, which turned our attention to the 50th anniversary of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, followed the 2015 Law theme celebrating the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta. So, what do a medieval statute and a Warren Court decision separated by 751 years have in common? Simple - Due process.

The connection is extensively examined in a digital exhibit from the Law Library of Congress' titled Magna Carta: Muse & Mentor - Due Process of Law. Prior to June 15, 1215, Englishmen (and everyone else for that matter) had little protection from kings and noblemen hauling them away without cause or trial. When King John placed his seal on Magna Carta, chapter 39 of the document provided that:

No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.

Subsequent English statutes interpreted the phrase "the law of the land" to include procedural safeguards that protect individual rights. One such statute enacted in 1354 added the phrase "due process of law" to the English legal vernacular to describe this collection of procedural rights. The phrase continued in use and found its way into the U.S. Constitution via the Fifth Amendment. By the time Miranda v. Arizona was decided in 1966, the privilege against self-incrimination was a well-established tenet of American jurisprudence and the Court prohibited use of such statements without a showing of the use of procedural safeguards like the warnings that became known as Miranda Warnings.

For more on the Due Process connection from Magna Carta to Miranda v. Arizona, visit the Law Library of Congress digital exhibit Magna Carta: Muse & Mentor. You can also visit the Harris County Law Library's Law Day digital exhibits Magna Carta and Miranda: More than words to discover more about these landmark legal resources. Be sure to also visit the Law Library's lobby to view our 1763 copy of Magna Carta on display during the month of June.

Monthly Features: Magna Carta & Constitutional Law Resources at the HCLL

During the month of June, the Harris County Law Library is commemorating Magna Carta. Don’t miss our digital exhibit and the exhibit currently on display in the Law Library's lobby, where you can explore the origins of this historically-significant document and its impact on both the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, as well as its influence on the rule of law in Texas.

To complement our Magna Carta exhibits, the Law Library has adopted a theme, Constitutional Law Resource Month, which will feature items from our collection, including treatises, reference works, CLE course materials, form books, and other practitioner tools that may be useful in conducting constitutional law research.

The Law Library will also feature a small display of commentaries and related examples of case law that demonstrate the connections between Magna Carta and American law. All of these resources and exhibits will be featured until the end of June. Don’t miss your chance to see them, and please feel free to ask the Law Library staff any questions about the materials you discover.

Memorial Day Hours

The Harris County Law Library will be closed on Monday, May 30, in observance of Memorial Day. We will resume normal hours of operation on Tuesday, May 31, at 8 a.m.

Memorial Day is an annual day of remembrance in honor of those who have died in defense of the United States. The commemoration began near the end of the Civil War, but it's true origins remain a mystery. Visit the Time Magazine article "A brief history of Memorial Day" to learn more about this day of observance.

Looking Back - The Battle of San Jacinto - April 21, 1836

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Seal of the Office of the Harris County Attorney

“Remember the Alamo!” “Remember Goliad!” These were the cries that rallied a weary and all but broken Texas army that ultimately defeated the Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. Despite having declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836, the Texas army still had a long way to go to be truly independent from Mexico. In the midst of a retreat from Gonzales, General Sam Houston turned his men toward Harrisburg and Lynch’s Ferry. Encamping among the trees along the bayou, the Texas army occupied a strategic piece of land that enabled them to watch the movements of Santa Anna and his men.

On the morning of April 21, 1836, General Houston overruled the desire of his officers to wait for Santa Anna to attack first and opted to let his men make the first move. In the afternoon, while the Mexican Army rested, the Texas army advanced using the terrain surrounding Buffalo Bayou and the San Jacinto River as their natural cover. Taking advantage of Santa Anna’s failure to post sentries nearby, the Texas army was able to defeat the Mexican army in a battle that lasted a mere 18 minutes. The victory not only cemented the young Republic’s independence from Mexico, but it also opened up more of the West, furthering the idea of “manifest destiny.”

The Monument commemorating the Battle of San Jacinto has become an iconic symbol of those who fought bravely for Texas independence. Recognizing the strength and determination of all those who fought for independence, former Harris County Attorney Mike Driscoll selected an image of the Monument for the seal of the Harris County Attorney’s Office as a reminder of what can be accomplished when individuals work together toward a common goal.

If you would like more information about the Battle of San Jacinto or other interesting facts and tidbits about Texas, visit the Harris County Law Library and have a look at the Texas Almanac. It's a great read!